Resources

Freight Resources & Guides

Everything you need to ship smarter — freight class guide, packaging tips, BOL guide, and glossary.

Freight Class Reference Guide

NMFC classes and their density ranges. Not sure of your class? Request a quote and we'll help.

ClassDensityExamplesRelative Cost
5050+ lbs/ft³Clean freight, durable goods, brick, cement, hardwoodLowest
5535-50 lbs/ft³Bricks, cement, mortar, hardwood floors
6030-35 lbs/ft³Car accessories, car parts, steel cables
6522.5-30 lbs/ft³Car parts, machinery, cast iron stoves
7015-22.5 lbs/ft³Car parts, food items, automobile engines
77.513.5-15 lbs/ft³Tires, bathroom fixtures
8512-13.5 lbs/ft³Crated machinery, cast iron stoves
92.510.5-12 lbs/ft³Computers, monitors, refrigerators
1009-10.5 lbs/ft³Car covers, canvas, wine cases
1108-9 lbs/ft³Cabinets, framed artwork, table saws
1257-8 lbs/ft³Small appliances
1506-7 lbs/ft³Auto sheet metal, bookcases
1755-6 lbs/ft³Clothing, couches, stuffed furniture
2004-5 lbs/ft³Auto sheet metal parts, aircraft parts, aluminum table
2503-4 lbs/ft³Bamboo furniture, mattress/box spring, plasma TV
3002-3 lbs/ft³Wood cabinets, tables, chairs
4001-2 lbs/ft³Deer antlers
500Under 1 lb/ft³Ping pong balls, gold dustHighest

Packaging Guide

Properly prepared freight arrives faster, cheaper, and with fewer claims.

📦

Use a standard 4-way pallet

GMA-spec 48" × 40" pallet preferred by all carriers. Ensures forklifts can enter from any side.

🔒

Shrink-wrap everything

At least 5 passes of stretch film top-to-bottom. Cross-wrap corners to prevent shifting.

🏷️

Label both pallet and cartons

BOL number, origin, destination on the pallet AND on outer cartons. Two copies of BOL attached.

⚖️

Distribute weight evenly

Heavy items on bottom, lighter items on top. No overhang beyond pallet edge.

🛡️

Use corner boards

Cardboard angle boards protect corners from strap damage and add column stacking strength.

📏

Measure accurately

Length × width × height in inches, rounded up. Weight on a certified scale. Accuracy prevents reclassification.

Bill of Lading Guide

What is a BOL? A Bill of Lading is the legal contract between shipper and carrier. It identifies the freight, establishes liability, and serves as receipt of pickup and delivery.

Required Fields

  • Shipper name, address, phone
  • Consignee name, address, phone
  • Pickup date
  • Number of handling units (pallets)
  • Description of freight
  • NMFC freight class
  • Weight (declared)
  • Special instructions (liftgate, hazmat, freeze protection)

Accuracy matters: Incorrect weight or class can result in a carrier invoice adjustment on delivery. Always measure and weigh before creating the BOL.

Shipping Glossary

LTL (Less-than-Truckload)
A shipping method where your freight shares truck space with others. Ideal for 1-6 pallets.
FTL (Full Truckload)
Dedicated truck for your freight only. Cost-effective at higher volumes.
BOL (Bill of Lading)
The legal shipping contract between shipper and carrier. Required for every LTL shipment.
PRO Number
Carrier-assigned tracking number. Use this to track shipment status with the carrier.
NMFC
National Motor Freight Classification — the standardized system for LTL freight class assignment.
Freight Class
A 1-18 classification (50-500) that determines your LTL rate based on density and handling.
Consignee
The person or company receiving the freight at the destination.
Consignor / Shipper
The person or company sending the freight from the origin.
Accessorial
An additional service beyond standard pickup and delivery (liftgate, residential, appointment, etc.).
Fuel Surcharge
Variable surcharge added to base rate to offset fuel cost fluctuations. Typically 5-20%.
Density
Weight ÷ cubic feet. The primary factor in freight class determination.
POD (Proof of Delivery)
Signed document confirming freight was received at destination.
Freight Claim
A formal claim for loss or damage filed against the carrier.
Liftgate
A hydraulic platform on the truck for raising/lowering freight when no dock is available.
Inside Delivery
Carrier moves freight beyond the truck — inside the building (additional charge).
Limited Access
Locations requiring special access or reduced carrier availability (schools, churches, construction sites).
Lumper
A person hired to unload freight. Often required at food distribution centers.
Pallet
Standard wood platform for freight consolidation. GMA spec: 48" × 40".
Transit Time
Business days from pickup to delivery. Standard LTL varies by lane.
Carrier
The trucking company physically moving the freight.
Broker
A licensed intermediary (like Proload) that matches shippers with carriers.
MC Number
Motor Carrier number issued by FMCSA. Required for interstate freight brokers.